{"id": "card_church_oriental_orthodoxy", "kind": "reference", "title": "Oriental Orthodoxy — the non-Chalcedonian (Miaphysite) churches (distinct after AD 451)", "body": "The Oriental Orthodox communion — Coptic, Syriac, Armenian Apostolic, Ethiopian, Eritrean and Malankara (Indian) churches (~60 million today). It holds the first three ecumenical councils (Nicaea, Constantinople, Ephesus) and the Nicene Creed, but did NOT receive the Council of Chalcedon (AD 451); it confesses one united nature of the incarnate Word (Miaphysite), distinguishing itself from both Nestorianism and Eutychianism. An ancient apostolic communion — gathered and cited, never judged; recent dialogues have narrowed the historic Christological difference with the Chalcedonian churches to largely terminological.", "source": {"label": "An ancient apostolic tradition — its own confession", "url": "", "domain": "theology", "authority_tier": "reference"}, "shelf": "churches", "box": "tradition", "bands": ["church", "tradition", "ancient", "apostolic", "oriental orthodox", "miaphysite", "coptic", "armenian", "syriac", "ethiopian", "chalcedon 451"], "subject": "Oriental Orthodoxy", "connections": [{"to_card_id": "card_spine_churches", "relationship": "member_of", "evidence": "an ancient apostolic tradition of the one Church"}, {"to_card_id": "card_church_apostolic", "relationship": "builds_on", "evidence": "Oriental Orthodoxy (Miaphysite) — Coptic, Syriac, Armenian, Ethiopian, Eritrean, Malankara — distinct after the Council of Chalcedon, AD 451, which it did not receive"}], "author": "engine", "created_at": 0.0, "updated_at": 0.0, "visibility": "public", "lifecycle_stage": "public", "volatility": "permanent", "surface": "secular", "generated": false, "extra": {"confession": "the first three ecumenical councils; the Nicene Creed; Miaphysite Christology (St Cyril of Alexandria)", "emphasis": "the unbroken ancient liturgy and asceticism; faithfulness through centuries under Islamic and other rule", "era": "distinct after AD 451 (Council of Chalcedon)", "scripture": "John 1:14; Colossians 2:9; Philippians 2:6-7"}, "call": "churches.tradition", "facets": {"subject": ["ancient", "apostolic", "armenian", "chalcedon 451", "church", "coptic", "ethiopian", "miaphysite", "oriental orthodox", "syriac"]}, "presentation": {"glyph": "•", "kind_label": "tradition", "by": "An ancient apostolic tradition — its own confession", "authority": "reference", "posted": "", "standing": ""}, "neighbors": [{"id": "card_spine_churches", "title": "The churches — one Lord, many traditions, calibrated", "relationship": "on the shelf of", "why": "an ancient apostolic tradition of the one Church", "href": "/card/card_spine_churches", "resolved": true}, {"id": "card_church_apostolic", "title": "The Early Biblical Church — the apostolic root (c. AD 33)", "relationship": "builds on", "why": "Oriental Orthodoxy (Miaphysite) — Coptic, Syriac, Armenian, Ethiopian, Eritrean, Malankara — distinct after the Council of Chalcedon, AD 451, which it did not receive", "href": "/card/card_church_apostolic", "resolved": true}], "house": {"door": "FIND", "kind": "card", "trail": "connections", "seal": "/card/card_church_oriental_orthodoxy", "next_step": {"do": "follow a connection: what this card rests on, and what rests on it", "door": "FIND", "tool": "card_connections", "params": {"id": "card_church_oriental_orthodoxy"}}, "ends": "a verdict or a card · the trail · a seal · one next step"}}