{"query": "Indo-European — chains from the proto-floor, cognates where", "count": 20, "results": [{"id": "card_floor_indo_european", "title": "Indo-European — chains from the proto-floor, cognates where two trees meet", "shelf": "codex", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "The Indo-European family as a floor on the one map: Proto-Indo-European is the floor, the daughter BRANCHES (Germanic, Italic, Hellenic, Indo-Iranian, Celtic, Balto-Slavic) are the trees, and a COGNAT", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Narrow Highway — the Indo-European floor (comparative method)", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_cognate_dog", "title": "hound — a cognate across the family (PIE *kwon-)", "shelf": "codex", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "The word for 'dog, hound', one etymon descending down several branches and meeting at the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European *kwon-. Reflexes (attested): italic: canis; hellenic: kyon; indo-iranian: sv", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "the comparative method; cognate sets of Indo-European", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_cognate_mother", "title": "mother — a cognate across the family (PIE *mehter-)", "shelf": "codex", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "The word for 'mother', one etymon descending down several branches and meeting at the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European *mehter-. Reflexes (attested): italic: mater; hellenic: meter; indo-iranian: mat", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "the comparative method; cognate sets of Indo-European", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_cognate_three", "title": "three — a cognate across the family (PIE *treyes)", "shelf": "codex", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "The word for 'three', one etymon descending down several branches and meeting at the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European *treyes. Reflexes (attested): italic: tres; hellenic: treis; indo-iranian: trayas", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "the comparative method; cognate sets of Indo-European", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_cognate_father", "title": "father — a cognate across the family (PIE *ph2ter-)", "shelf": "codex", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "The word for 'father', one etymon descending down several branches and meeting at the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European *ph2ter-. Reflexes (attested): italic: pater; hellenic: pater; indo-iranian: pit", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "the comparative method; cognate sets of Indo-European", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_cognate_hundred", "title": "hundred — a cognate across the family (PIE *kmtom)", "shelf": "codex", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "The word for 'hundred', one etymon descending down several branches and meeting at the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European *kmtom. Reflexes (attested): italic: centum; hellenic: hekaton; indo-iranian: s", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "the comparative method; cognate sets of Indo-European", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_austronesian_cognate_telu", "title": "telu — a cognate across Austronesian (*telu (Proto-Austronesian))", "shelf": "codex", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "The word for 'three', one etymon descending down several branches of Austronesian and meeting at the reconstructed *telu (Proto-Austronesian). Reflexes (attested): formosan: Amis tulu; malayo-polynesi", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "the Austronesian family (the comparative method; the consensus classification, Glottolog)", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_austronesian_cognate_mata", "title": "mata — a cognate across Austronesian (*mata (Proto-Austronesian))", "shelf": "codex", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "The word for 'eye', one etymon descending down several branches of Austronesian and meeting at the reconstructed *mata (Proto-Austronesian). Reflexes (attested): formosan: Amis mata; malayo-polynesian", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "the Austronesian family (the comparative method; the consensus classification, Glottolog)", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_austronesian_cognate_lima", "title": "lima — a cognate across Austronesian (*lima (Proto-Austronesian))", "shelf": "codex", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "The word for 'five; hand', one etymon descending down several branches of Austronesian and meeting at the reconstructed *lima (Proto-Austronesian). Reflexes (attested): formosan: Amis lima; malayo-pol", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "the Austronesian family (the comparative method; the consensus classification, Glottolog)", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_n_232eb0029ad3", "title": "Grimm's Law — sound change without exceptions, and the exception that deepened it", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Grimm (1822): the PIE voiceless stops became Germanic fricatives, systematically — *p -> f\n(pater->father, ped->foot, piscis->fish), *t -> th (tres->three), *k -> h (cornu->horn,\ncanis->hound, centum-", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Concordance assay — 2026-07-09", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_gene_ssu_rrna", "title": "small-subunit ribosomal RNA — a universal gene (a homolog across the domains)", "shelf": "codex", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "small-subunit ribosomal RNA: the RNA core of the small ribosomal subunit (16S in prokaryotes, 18S in eukaryotes). Found in Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryota - a homologous gene descended from a single ance", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "molecular phylogenetics; universal homologs of LUCA", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_gene_aars", "title": "aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases — a universal gene (a homolog across the domains)", "shelf": "codex", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases: charge each tRNA with its correct amino acid - the enzymes that READ the genetic code. Found in Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryota - a homologous gene descended from a single anc", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "molecular phylogenetics; universal homologs of LUCA", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_spine_etymology", "title": "The etymologies — where the words came from", "shelf": "spine", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "The origin of 49,132 English headwords as Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) wrote them: the languages and forms each word came through, in Webster's own abbreviations. Public domain (Proj", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913), Project Gutenberg eBook #29765 — public domain", "readable": true, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_floor_tree_of_life", "title": "The tree of life — chains from LUCA, homologous genes where domains meet", "shelf": "codex", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "The tree of life as a floor on the one map, the exact parallel of the Indo-European floor. The floor is LUCA, the last universal common ancestor. The trees are the three DOMAINS (Bacteria, Archaea, Eu", "authority_tier": "engine_derived", "source": "Narrow Highway — the tree of life (molecular phylogenetics)", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_gene_ef_tu", "title": "elongation factor (EF-Tu / EF-1alpha) — a universal gene (a homolog across the domains)", "shelf": "codex", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "elongation factor (EF-Tu / EF-1alpha): delivers each aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome during translation. Found in Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryota - a homologous gene descended from a single ancestral gene", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "molecular phylogenetics; universal homologs of LUCA", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_ie_branch_italic", "title": "Italic — a branch of Indo-European", "shelf": "codex", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "The Italic branch of the Indo-European family: Latin and its daughters: Italian, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Romanian. A daughter of Proto-Indo-European; the cognates below descend down this branch a", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "the Indo-European family (comparative method)", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_gene_atp_synthase", "title": "ATP synthase — a universal gene (a homolog across the domains)", "shelf": "codex", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "ATP synthase: the rotary enzyme that makes ATP from a proton gradient (F-type / A-type / V-type). Found in Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryota - a homologous gene descended from a single ancestral gene in LU", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "molecular phylogenetics; universal homologs of LUCA", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_ie_branch_indo_iranian", "title": "Indo-Iranian — a branch of Indo-European", "shelf": "codex", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "The Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European family: Sanskrit, Avestan, Persian, Hindi-Urdu. A daughter of Proto-Indo-European; the cognates below descend down this branch and meet the other branches ", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "the Indo-European family (comparative method)", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_ie_branch_hellenic", "title": "Hellenic — a branch of Indo-European", "shelf": "codex", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "The Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family: Greek, ancient and modern. A daughter of Proto-Indo-European; the cognates below descend down this branch and meet the other branches at their proto-fo", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "the Indo-European family (comparative method)", "readable": false, "generated": false}, {"id": "card_ie_branch_celtic", "title": "Celtic — a branch of Indo-European", "shelf": "codex", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "The Celtic branch of the Indo-European family: Irish, Welsh, Scottish Gaelic, Breton. A daughter of Proto-Indo-European; the cognates below descend down this branch and meet the other branches at thei", "authority_tier": "reference", "source": "the Indo-European family (comparative method)", "readable": false, "generated": false}], "house": {"door": "FIND", "kind": "cards", "trail": "results", "seal": null, "next_step": {"do": "open the top card", "door": "FIND", "tool": "card_get", "params": {"id": "card_floor_indo_european"}}, "ends": "a verdict or a card · the trail · a seal · one next step"}}